intermediate 30–60 min oil painting

Knife • Impasto • Scumble • Sgraffito

Build believable surfaces—thick impasto highlights, dry scumbles, and carved lines—while keeping edges and values under control.

Palette knife spreading thick oil paint

What you’ll practice

Controlling thickness, edge quality, and value when adding texture so forms still read and don’t turn into visual noise.

Tools & mediums

  • Palette knives (small/large), stiff bristle brushes.
  • Impasto gel/paste (oil-compatible) or straight paint from tube.
  • Rags, solvent/soap for cleanup, scraper or toothpick for sgraffito.

Technique glossary

  • Impasto: Thick paint for lights; place, don’t overwork.
  • Scumble: Dry-brush light over darker midtones.
  • Sgraffito: Scratch lines through wet paint to reveal underlayer.
  • Knife spread: Lay flat planes cleanly with knife angles.

Step-by-step

1
Block-in thin

Establish values/shapes with thin paint so texture sits on a clear design.

2
Place thick lights

Use knife to set thickest paint where the light is strongest.

3
Scumble accents

Dry-brush lighter color over dry/drier passages to suggest texture.

4
Sgraffito detail

Drag a toothpick to draw hairline texture—don’t overdo it.

5
Edge control

Keep focal edges sharper; soften elsewhere to avoid chaos.

Tips

  • Save thickest paint for light accents; keep shadows thinner.
  • Load the knife, then place once—avoid smearing back and forth.
  • Let scumbles dry before adding more to prevent mud.

Troubleshooting

  • Muddy color: Overmixed—wipe knife often; premix piles.
  • Texture everywhere: No hierarchy—reserve thick for focal.
  • Scratches look harsh: Sgraffito too deep—use lighter pressure.

Show your texture study

Post two crops: flat block-in vs. finished texture. Note one decision that improved readability.